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- <text id=93TT1504>
- <title>
- Apr. 26, 1993: Damned Lies and Statistics
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Apr. 26, 1993 The Truth about Dinosaurs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- POLITICS, Page 28
- Damned Lies and Statistics
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> You've heard the numbers--10% of American men are gay, 2.7
- million children are abused, one in eight women develop breast
- cancer. Politicians, activists, fund raisers, scientists and,
- yes, magazine journalists routinely unload such staggering
- statistics on a trusting public. The numbers are presented as
- though they carry all the weight of scientific truth. Don't
- believe it.
- </p>
- <p> The fact is, much of today's political and social agenda
- is built around flagrantly flimsy figures. Statistics on crime,
- poverty, homeless ness, joblessness, drug abuse, toxic hazards,
- sexual harassment--indeed, any matter concerning sex--are
- notoriously suspect.
- </p>
- <p> Sometimes erroneous numbers are used innocently; they're
- the best available figures though everyone knows they're
- guesstimates. Kinsey's were the only statistics on sex for
- years. No one in America really has a clue as to the size of the
- illicit drug trade, though multibillion-dollar figures are
- commonly tossed around. Mitch Snyder, the late activist for the
- homeless, once admitted his figures on people without shelter
- were essentially meaningless. "We have tried to satisfy your
- gnawing curiosity for a number," he told a congressional
- hearing, "because we are Americans with Western little minds
- that have to quantify everything in sight, whether we can or
- not."
- </p>
- <p> But too often exaggerated figures are used deliberately to
- mislead, raise money or advance an agenda. "Many statistics are
- generated by people who have a vested interest," notes
- journalist Cynthia Crossen, who is writing a book on how numbers
- are manipulated. The American Cancer Society has said 1 in 8 or
- 9 U.S. women will develop breast cancer, though the frightening
- statistic is based on women having an unrealistically long
- life-span. Environmental organizations tend to present the most
- alarming scenarios to pump up the threat of global warming.
- Hard-line politicians and gun lobbyists frequently cite figures
- creating the impression that the country is in the midst of an
- unprecedented crime wave, and yet homicides and other crimes
- seem to be declining, according to law-enforcement agencies.
- </p>
- <p> Child advocates meanwhile insist 2.7 million youngsters
- are suffering grievous abuse. But that statistic reflects total
- reports of suspected mistreatment, not substantiated individual
- cases, warns Douglas Besharov, former director of the U.S.
- National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. Moreover, the figure
- includes not only instances of physical or sexual assault and
- starvation--as the public commonly assumes--but also
- so-called educational neglect and poor emotional nurturing.
- Besharov whittles the figure on child abuse to 420,000, though
- some experts say that's too low.
- </p>
- <p> Since activists and fund raisers have a marked preference
- for large figures, Americans might be tempted to lop off some
- digits whenever they're lobbed a statistic. Alas, such a simple
- solution doesn't work when it comes to official numbers.
- Governmental authorities misleadingly tout both high and low
- statistics.
- </p>
- <p> This is particularly true when it comes to the economy.
- Department of Labor figures on jobs created are boosted by the
- inclusion of part-time positions. Conversely, the agency's
- regular tallies of the jobless include so-called discouraged
- workers, people who have given up looking for a job because they
- don't think they'll find one. Clinton drew embarrassed laughs
- from members of Congress last February when he laid out his
- economic plan and vowed to use Congress's own figures on the
- deficit. "Let's at least argue about the same set of numbers so
- the American people will think we're shooting straight with
- them," he declared. That should be the aim with all statistics.
- </p>
- <p>-- By Anastasia Toufexis. With reporting by Kathryn
- Jackson Fallon/New York and Todd Nelson/Sioux Falls
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-